__doc__ = """ Convenient linear algebra kernels """
import numpy as np
from numpy.typing import NDArray
from numba import njit
from numpy import sqrt
import functools
from itertools import permutations
from elastica.utils import perm_parity
[docs]@functools.lru_cache(maxsize=1)
def levi_civita_tensor(dim: int) -> NDArray[np.float64]:
"""
Parameters
----------
dim
Returns
-------
"""
epsilon = np.zeros((dim,) * dim)
for index_tup in permutations(range(dim), dim):
epsilon[index_tup] = perm_parity(list(index_tup))
return epsilon
@njit(cache=True) # type: ignore
def _batch_matvec(
matrix_collection: NDArray[np.float64], vector_collection: NDArray[np.float64]
) -> NDArray[np.float64]:
"""
This function does batch matrix and batch vector product
Parameters
----------
matrix_collection
vector_collection
Returns
-------
Notes
-----
Benchmark results, for a blocksize of 100, using timeit
Python einsum: 4.27 µs ± 66.1 ns per loop
This version: 1.18 µs ± 39.2 ns per loop
"""
blocksize = vector_collection.shape[1]
output_vector = np.zeros((3, blocksize))
for i in range(3):
for j in range(3):
for k in range(blocksize):
output_vector[i, k] += (
matrix_collection[i, j, k] * vector_collection[j, k]
)
return output_vector
@njit(cache=True) # type: ignore
def _batch_matmul(
first_matrix_collection: NDArray[np.float64],
second_matrix_collection: NDArray[np.float64],
) -> NDArray[np.float64]:
"""
This is batch matrix matrix multiplication function. Only batch
of 3x3 matrices can be multiplied.
Parameters
----------
first_matrix_collection
second_matrix_collection
Returns
-------
Notes
Microbenchmark results showed that for a block size of 200,
%timeit np.einsum("ijk,jlk->ilk", first_matrix_collection, second_matrix_collection)
8.45 µs ± 18.6 ns per loop
This version is
2.13 µs ± 1.01 µs per loop
"""
blocksize = first_matrix_collection.shape[2]
output_matrix = np.zeros((3, 3, blocksize))
for i in range(3):
for j in range(3):
for m in range(3):
for k in range(blocksize):
output_matrix[i, m, k] += (
first_matrix_collection[i, j, k]
* second_matrix_collection[j, m, k]
)
return output_matrix
@njit(cache=True) # type: ignore
def _batch_cross(
first_vector_collection: NDArray[np.float64],
second_vector_collection: NDArray[np.float64],
) -> NDArray[np.float64]:
"""
This function does cross product between two batch vectors.
Parameters
----------
first_vector_collection
second_vector_collection
Returns
-------
Notes
----
Benchmark results, for a blocksize of 100 using timeit
Python einsum: 14 µs ± 8.96 µs per loop
This version: 1.18 µs ± 141 ns per loop
"""
blocksize = first_vector_collection.shape[1]
output_vector = np.empty((3, blocksize))
for k in range(blocksize):
output_vector[0, k] = (
first_vector_collection[1, k] * second_vector_collection[2, k]
- first_vector_collection[2, k] * second_vector_collection[1, k]
)
output_vector[1, k] = (
first_vector_collection[2, k] * second_vector_collection[0, k]
- first_vector_collection[0, k] * second_vector_collection[2, k]
)
output_vector[2, k] = (
first_vector_collection[0, k] * second_vector_collection[1, k]
- first_vector_collection[1, k] * second_vector_collection[0, k]
)
return output_vector
@njit(cache=True) # type: ignore
def _batch_vec_oneD_vec_cross(
first_vector_collection: NDArray[np.float64], second_vector: NDArray[np.float64]
) -> NDArray[np.float64]:
"""
This function does cross product between batch vector and a 1D vector.
Idea of having this function is that, for friction calculations, we dont
want to repeat and expand 1D plane normal vector. Thus instead we are writing
a new cross product operation, so we are not allocating unnecessary memory.
Parameters
----------
first_vector_collection
second_vector
Returns
-------
Notes
-----
Benchmark results, for a blocksize of 100 using timeit
Python einsum: 16.6 µs ± 2.69 µs per loop
This version: 1.1 µs ± 132 ns per loop
"""
blocksize = first_vector_collection.shape[1]
output_vector = np.empty((3, blocksize))
for k in range(blocksize):
output_vector[0, k] = (
first_vector_collection[1, k] * second_vector[2]
- first_vector_collection[2, k] * second_vector[1]
)
output_vector[1, k] = (
first_vector_collection[2, k] * second_vector[0]
- first_vector_collection[0, k] * second_vector[2]
)
output_vector[2, k] = (
first_vector_collection[0, k] * second_vector[1]
- first_vector_collection[1, k] * second_vector[0]
)
return output_vector
@njit(cache=True) # type: ignore
def _batch_dot(
first_vector: NDArray[np.float64], second_vector: NDArray[np.float64]
) -> NDArray[np.float64]:
"""
This function does batch vec and batch vec dot product.
Parameters
----------
first_vector
second_vector
Returns
-------
Notes
-----
Benchmark results, for a blocksize of 100 using timeit
Python einsum: 4.3 µs ± 730 ns per loop
This version: 1.08 µs ± 6.09 ns per loop
"""
blocksize = first_vector.shape[1]
output_vector = np.zeros((blocksize))
for i in range(3):
for k in range(blocksize):
output_vector[k] += first_vector[i, k] * second_vector[i, k]
return output_vector
@njit(cache=True) # type: ignore
def _batch_norm(vector: NDArray[np.float64]) -> NDArray[np.float64]:
"""
This function computes norm of a batch vector
Parameters
----------
vector
Returns
-------
Notes
-----
Benchmark results, for a blocksize of 100 using timeit
Python einsum: 4.26 µs ± 25.9 ns per loop
This version: 801 ns ± 3.9 ns per loop
"""
blocksize = vector.shape[1]
output_vector = np.empty((blocksize))
for k in range(blocksize):
output_vector[k] = sqrt(
vector[0, k] * vector[0, k]
+ vector[1, k] * vector[1, k]
+ vector[2, k] * vector[2, k]
)
return output_vector
@njit(cache=True) # type: ignore
def _batch_product_i_k_to_ik(
vector1: NDArray[np.float64], vector2: NDArray[np.float64]
) -> NDArray[np.float64]:
"""
This function does outer product following 'i,k->ik'.
vector1 has shape of 3 and vector 2 has shape of blocksize
Parameters
----------
vector1
vector2
Returns
-------
Notes
-----
Benchmark results, for a blocksize of 100 using timeit
Python einsum: 3.61 µs ± 55.3 ns per loop
This version: 961 ns ± 53.7 ns per loop
"""
blocksize = vector2.shape[0]
# Assert check to see if given input vector dimensions are correct
assert vector1.shape[0] == 3
output_vector = np.empty((3, blocksize))
for i in range(3):
for k in range(blocksize):
output_vector[i, k] = vector1[i] * vector2[k]
return output_vector
@njit(cache=True) # type: ignore
def _batch_product_i_ik_to_k(
vector1: NDArray[np.float64], vector2: NDArray[np.float64]
) -> NDArray[np.float64]:
"""
This function does the following product 'i,ik->k'
This function do dot product between a vector of 3 elements
with a batch vector.
Parameters
----------
vector1
vector2
Returns
-------
Notes
-----
Benchmark results, for a blocksize of 100 using timeit
Python einsum: 3.31 µs ± 104 ns per loop
This version: 958 ns ± 60.3 ns per loop
"""
blocksize = vector2.shape[1]
assert vector1.shape[0] == 3
assert vector2.shape[0] == 3
output_vector = np.zeros((blocksize))
for i in range(3):
for k in range(blocksize):
output_vector[k] += vector1[i] * vector2[i, k]
return output_vector
@njit(cache=True) # type: ignore
def _batch_product_k_ik_to_ik(
vector1: NDArray[np.float64], vector2: NDArray[np.float64]
) -> NDArray[np.float64]:
"""
This function does the following product 'k, ik->ik'
Parameters
----------
vector1
vector2
Returns
-------
Notes
----
Benchmark results, for a blocksize of 100 using timeit
Python einsum: 3.69 µs ± 67.9 ns per loop
This version: 876 ns ± 11.1 ns per loop
"""
blocksize = vector2.shape[1]
assert vector2.shape[0] == 3
assert vector1.shape[0] == blocksize
output_vector = np.empty((3, blocksize))
for i in range(3):
for k in range(blocksize):
output_vector[i, k] = vector1[k] * vector2[i, k]
return output_vector
@njit(cache=True) # type: ignore
def _batch_vector_sum(
vector1: NDArray[np.float64], vector2: NDArray[np.float64]
) -> NDArray[np.float64]:
"""
This function is for summing up two vectors. Although
this function is not faster than pure python implementation
when we add a numba njit decorator around the pure python
implementation we code slows down. Thus, for high level
numba njit function, using this function is beneficial.
Parameters
----------
vector1
vector2
Returns
-------
Benchmark results, for a blocksize of 100 using timeit
Pure python: 802 ns ± 63.6 ns per loop
Numba njit decorator on pure python: 1.14 µs ± 41.3 ns per loop
This version: 884 ns ± 11.9 ns per loop
"""
blocksize = vector1.shape[1]
output_vector = np.empty((3, blocksize))
for i in range(3):
for k in range(blocksize):
output_vector[i, k] = vector1[i, k] + vector2[i, k]
return output_vector
@njit(cache=True) # type: ignore
def _batch_matrix_transpose(input_matrix: NDArray[np.float64]) -> NDArray[np.float64]:
"""
This function takes an batch input matrix and transpose it.
[i,j,k] -> [j,i,k]
Parameters
----------
input_matrix
Returns
-------
Notes
----
Benchmark results,
Einsum: 2.08 µs ± 553 ns per loop
This version: 817 ns ± 15.2 ns per loop
"""
output_matrix = np.empty(input_matrix.shape)
for i in range(input_matrix.shape[0]):
for j in range(input_matrix.shape[1]):
for k in range(input_matrix.shape[2]):
output_matrix[j, i, k] = input_matrix[i, j, k]
return output_matrix
